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Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) monitors groundwater levels throughout the country on a regional scale, four times every year during the months of March to May, August, November and January.
During the November 2022, about 67.2% of the wells monitored in the country have registered the water level upto 5 mbgl. State-wise Depth to water level and distribution of percentage of wells for November 2022 is given at Annexure. Further, in order to assess the long-term fluctuation in ground water level, the water level data collected by CGWB during November 2022 has been compared with the decadal mean of November (2012-2021). Analysis of water level data indicates that about 61.1% of the wells monitored have registered rise in ground water level.
Water being a State subject effective rainwater harvesting/recharge of groundwater for increasing its levels in the country falls under States’ mandate however, a number of steps have been taken by Central government which can be accessed through web-link:
https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3a70dc40477bc2adceef4d2c90f47eb82/uploads/2023/02/2023021742.pdf
Some of them are listed as under:
Government of India is implementing Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA) in the country. First JSA was launched in 2019 in water stressed blocks of 256 districts which continued during the years 2021 and , 2022(across entire country both rural and urban areas) with the primary aim to effectively harvest the monsoon rainfall through creation of artificial recharge structures, watershed management, recharge and reuse structures, intensive afforestation and awareness generation etc. JSA for the year 2023 have been launched by President of India on 04 March 2023 with the theme “Source Sustainability for Drinking Water”.
Prime Minister has launched Amrit Sarovar Mission on 24th April 2022. The Mission is aimed at developing and rejuvenating 75 water bodies in each district of the country as a part of celebration of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
The Central Government is implementing Atal Bhujal Yojana with an outlay of Rs. 6,000 crore, in collaboration with States, in certain water stressed areas of Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The primary aim of the scheme is demand side management through scientific means involving the local communities at village levels leading to sustainable groundwater management in the targeted areas.
Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) has been constituted under Section 3(3) of the "Environment (Protection) Act, 1986" for the purpose of regulation and control of ground water by industries, mining projects, infrastructure projects etc in the country. The latest guideline in this regard with pan-India applicability was notified by the Ministry on 24 September 2020 with subsequent amendment on 29 March 2023. CGWA and States issue No Objection Certificate (NOC) for extraction of groundwater to various industries/project proponents as per their jurisdiction and as per the extant guidelines.
CGWB is implementing National Aquifer Mapping Program (NAQUIM) in the country and an area of 25.15 lakh sq km (the available mappable area) has been covered under the NAQUIM studies. The NAQUIM study report along-with management plans are shared with States/UTs for suitable interventions.
Master Plan for Artificial Recharge to Groundwater- 2020 has been prepared by the CGWB with States/UTs providing a broad outline of the project and expected investments. The Master Plan envisages construction of about 1.42 crore Rain water harvesting and artificial recharge structures in the country to harness 185 Billion Cubic Metre (BCM) of water. The Master plan has been shared with States/UTs for suitable interventions.
Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has formulated Model Building Bye Laws (MBBL), 2016 for the States/UTs, wherein adequate focus has been given on requirement of rainwater harvesting and water conservation measures. As per MBBL, all buildings having a plot size of 100 Sq.m. or, more shall mandatorily include the complete proposal of rainwater harvesting. 35 States/ UTs have adopted the features of the Bye Laws.
Ministry has constituted Central Level Expert Group with Members from various stakeholder Ministries/Organisations to supervise the assessment of groundwater resources in the country periodically which includes monitoring of Groundwater level as well.
Groundwater (GW) level data collected by the CGWB for the entire country as on Nov 2018 indicates that around 81.10 % of monitored wells have depth to water level upto 10 m whereas, the GW level data of Nov 2022 shows around 88.7 % of monitored wells have water level upto 10m. With respect to Punjab, the GW level data for the years 2018 and 2022 indicate that 43.68 % and 39.7% of monitored wells respectively have depth to water level upto 10m.
Further, groundwater level data of Nov 2022 indicate that certain monitoring wells of Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttarakhand have depth to water level beyond 40m.
As per 2017 assessment, 1186 (17%) assessment units out of 6881 assessment units falling in 17 States/UTs were over-exploited. As per 2022 assessment, 1006 (14%) assessment units (Mandals/Blocks/ Firkas/ Taluks etc) out of 7089 assessment units falling in 16 States/UTs are over-exploited where groundwater extraction is more than groundwater recharge. Further, some of the major states like Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu have more than 25 % of assessment units as over-exploited. Punjab has 76.47 % over-exploited units.
This information was given by the Minister of State for Jal Shakti, Shri Bishweswar Tudu in a written reply in Rajya Sabha today.
*****
PK/AS
ANNEXURE
State-wise Depth to water Level and Distribution of Percentage of Wells for the Period of November, 2022
S. No.
Name of State
No. of wells Analysed
Number & Percentage of Wells Showing Depth to Water Level (mbgl) in the Range of
Min
Max
0-2
2-5
5-10
10-20
20-40
> 40
No
%
No
%
No
%
No
%
No
%
No
%
1
Andaman and Nicobar
99
0.05
4.45
87
87.9
12
12.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2
Andhra Pradesh
730
GL
37.62
370
50.7
226
31.0
97
13.3
29
4.0
7
1.0
1
0.1
3
Arunachal Pradesh
9
2.67
7.30
0
0.0
4
44.4
5
55.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
4
Assam
173
0.10
18.32
74
42.8
82
47.4
13
7.5
4
2.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
5
Bihar
638
0.33
11.30
105
16.5
434
68.0
96
15.0
3
0.5
0
0.0
0
0.0
6
Chandigarh
14
2.51
53.80
0
0.0
4
28.6
2
14.3
3
21.4
3
21.4
2
14.3
7
Chhattisgarh
774
0.65
22.95
157
20.3
437
56.5
142
18.3
36
4.7
2
0.3
0
0.0
8
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
15
1.98
7.80
1
6.7
12
80.0
2
13.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
9
Daman & Diu
7
1.45
6.37
1
14.3
4
57.1
2
28.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
10
Delhi
84
0.62
66.75
8
9.5
16
19.0
26
31.0
19
22.6
10
11.9
5
6.0
11
Goa
63
1.22
12.93
5
7.9
28
44.4
26
41.3
4
6.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
12
Gujarat
709
0.12
61.42
125
17.6
271
38.2
198
27.9
82
11.6
29
4.1
4
0.6
13
Haryana
268
0.11
77.95
36
13.4
68
25.4
37
13.8
59
22.0
56
20.9
12
4.5
14
Himachal Pradesh
84
0.54
36.25
16
19.0
29
34.5
15
17.9
19
22.6
5
6.0
0
0.0
15
Jammu and Kashmir
273
0.30
32.86
75
27.5
138
50.5
39
14.3
14
5.1
7
2.6
0
0.0
16
Jharkhand
178
0.26
12.80
19
10.7
109
61.2
48
27.0
2
1.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
17
Karnataka
1327
GL
27.30
467
35.2
495
37.3
320
24.1
43
3.2
2
0.2
0
0.0
18
Kerala
1412
0.05
52.82
281
19.9
454
32.2
539
38.2
125
8.9
12
0.8
1
0.1
19
Madhya Pradesh
1259
GL
37.67
239
19.0
608
48.3
326
25.9
76
6.0
10
0.8
0
0.0
20
Maharashtra
1472
0.10
40.00
358
24.3
732
49.7
320
21.7
52
3.5
10
0.7
0
0.0
21
Meghalaya
24
0.15
4.93
13
54.2
11
45.8
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
22
Nagaland
4
0.63
6.73
1
25.0
0
0.0
3
75.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
23
Orissa
1212
0.03
11.16
491
40.5
601
49.6
116
9.6
4
0.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
24
Pondicherry
4
1.06
3.45
2
50.0
2
50.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
25
Punjab
232
0.79
49.14
18
7.8
40
17.2
34
14.7
60
25.9
63
27.2
17
7.3
26
Rajasthan
890
0.06
121.55
71
8.0
226
25.4
150
16.9
158
17.8
134
15.1
151
17.0
27
Tamil Nadu
621
0.03
52.83
216
34.8
252
40.6
110
17.7
33
5.3
5
0.8
5
0.8
28
Telangana
529
GL
49.55
187
35.3
218
41.2
94
17.8
27
5.1
1
0.2
2
0.4
29
Tripura
20
0.98
6.81
5
25.0
12
60.0
3
15.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
30
Uttar Pradesh
634
0.15
44.14
158
24.9
250
39.4
132
20.8
72
11.4
18
2.8
4
0.6
31
Uttaranchal
45
0.20
55.20
9
20.0
11
24.4
16
35.6
6
13.3
2
4.4
1
2.2
32
West Bengal
774
0.40
30.49
102
13.2
309
39.9
216
27.9
109
14.1
38
4.9
0
0.0
Total
14577
GL*
121.55
3697
25.4
6095
41.8
3127
21.5
1039
7.1
414
2.8
205
1.4
*GL = Ground level
*****
Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) monitors groundwater levels throughout the country on a regional scale, four times every year during the months of March to May, August, November and January.
During the November 2022, about 67.2% of the wells monitored in the country have registered the water level upto 5 mbgl. State-wise Depth to water level and distribution of percentage of wells for November 2022 is given at Annexure. Further, in order to assess the long-term fluctuation in ground water level, the water level data collected by CGWB during November 2022 has been compared with the decadal mean of November (2012-2021). Analysis of water level data indicates that about 61.1% of the wells monitored have registered rise in ground water level.
Water being a State subject effective rainwater harvesting/recharge of groundwater for increasing its levels in the country falls under States’ mandate however, a number of steps have been taken by Central government which can be accessed through web-link:
https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3a70dc40477bc2adceef4d2c90f47eb82/uploads/2023/02/2023021742.pdf
Some of them are listed as under:
Government of India is implementing Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA) in the country. First JSA was launched in 2019 in water stressed blocks of 256 districts which continued during the years 2021 and , 2022(across entire country both rural and urban areas) with the primary aim to effectively harvest the monsoon rainfall through creation of artificial recharge structures, watershed management, recharge and reuse structures, intensive afforestation and awareness generation etc. JSA for the year 2023 have been launched by President of India on 04 March 2023 with the theme “Source Sustainability for Drinking Water”.
Prime Minister has launched Amrit Sarovar Mission on 24th April 2022. The Mission is aimed at developing and rejuvenating 75 water bodies in each district of the country as a part of celebration of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
The Central Government is implementing Atal Bhujal Yojana with an outlay of Rs. 6,000 crore, in collaboration with States, in certain water stressed areas of Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The primary aim of the scheme is demand side management through scientific means involving the local communities at village levels leading to sustainable groundwater management in the targeted areas.
Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) has been constituted under Section 3(3) of the "Environment (Protection) Act, 1986" for the purpose of regulation and control of ground water by industries, mining projects, infrastructure projects etc in the country. The latest guideline in this regard with pan-India applicability was notified by the Ministry on 24 September 2020 with subsequent amendment on 29 March 2023. CGWA and States issue No Objection Certificate (NOC) for extraction of groundwater to various industries/project proponents as per their jurisdiction and as per the extant guidelines.
CGWB is implementing National Aquifer Mapping Program (NAQUIM) in the country and an area of 25.15 lakh sq km (the available mappable area) has been covered under the NAQUIM studies. The NAQUIM study report along-with management plans are shared with States/UTs for suitable interventions.
Master Plan for Artificial Recharge to Groundwater- 2020 has been prepared by the CGWB with States/UTs providing a broad outline of the project and expected investments. The Master Plan envisages construction of about 1.42 crore Rain water harvesting and artificial recharge structures in the country to harness 185 Billion Cubic Metre (BCM) of water. The Master plan has been shared with States/UTs for suitable interventions.
Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has formulated Model Building Bye Laws (MBBL), 2016 for the States/UTs, wherein adequate focus has been given on requirement of rainwater harvesting and water conservation measures. As per MBBL, all buildings having a plot size of 100 Sq.m. or, more shall mandatorily include the complete proposal of rainwater harvesting. 35 States/ UTs have adopted the features of the Bye Laws.
Ministry has constituted Central Level Expert Group with Members from various stakeholder Ministries/Organisations to supervise the assessment of groundwater resources in the country periodically which includes monitoring of Groundwater level as well.
Groundwater (GW) level data collected by the CGWB for the entire country as on Nov 2018 indicates that around 81.10 % of monitored wells have depth to water level upto 10 m whereas, the GW level data of Nov 2022 shows around 88.7 % of monitored wells have water level upto 10m. With respect to Punjab, the GW level data for the years 2018 and 2022 indicate that 43.68 % and 39.7% of monitored wells respectively have depth to water level upto 10m.
Further, groundwater level data of Nov 2022 indicate that certain monitoring wells of Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttarakhand have depth to water level beyond 40m.
As per 2017 assessment, 1186 (17%) assessment units out of 6881 assessment units falling in 17 States/UTs were over-exploited. As per 2022 assessment, 1006 (14%) assessment units (Mandals/Blocks/ Firkas/ Taluks etc) out of 7089 assessment units falling in 16 States/UTs are over-exploited where groundwater extraction is more than groundwater recharge. Further, some of the major states like Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu have more than 25 % of assessment units as over-exploited. Punjab has 76.47 % over-exploited units.
This information was given by the Minister of State for Jal Shakti, Shri Bishweswar Tudu in a written reply in Rajya Sabha today.
*****
PK/AS
ANNEXURE
State-wise Depth to water Level and Distribution of Percentage of Wells for the Period of November, 2022
S. No.
Name of State
No. of wells Analysed
Number & Percentage of Wells Showing Depth to Water Level (mbgl) in the Range of
Min
Max
0-2
2-5
5-10
10-20
20-40
> 40
No
%
No
%
No
%
No
%
No
%
No
%
1
Andaman and Nicobar
99
0.05
4.45
87
87.9
12
12.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2
Andhra Pradesh
730
GL
37.62
370
50.7
226
31.0
97
13.3
29
4.0
7
1.0
1
0.1
3
Arunachal Pradesh
9
2.67
7.30
0
0.0
4
44.4
5
55.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
4
Assam
173
0.10
18.32
74
42.8
82
47.4
13
7.5
4
2.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
5
Bihar
638
0.33
11.30
105
16.5
434
68.0
96
15.0
3
0.5
0
0.0
0
0.0
6
Chandigarh
14
2.51
53.80
0
0.0
4
28.6
2
14.3
3
21.4
3
21.4
2
14.3
7
Chhattisgarh
774
0.65
22.95
157
20.3
437
56.5
142
18.3
36
4.7
2
0.3
0
0.0
8
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
15
1.98
7.80
1
6.7
12
80.0
2
13.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
9
Daman & Diu
7
1.45
6.37
1
14.3
4
57.1
2
28.6
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
10
Delhi
84
0.62
66.75
8
9.5
16
19.0
26
31.0
19
22.6
10
11.9
5
6.0
11
Goa
63
1.22
12.93
5
7.9
28
44.4
26
41.3
4
6.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
12
Gujarat
709
0.12
61.42
125
17.6
271
38.2
198
27.9
82
11.6
29
4.1
4
0.6
13
Haryana
268
0.11
77.95
36
13.4
68
25.4
37
13.8
59
22.0
56
20.9
12
4.5
14
Himachal Pradesh
84
0.54
36.25
16
19.0
29
34.5
15
17.9
19
22.6
5
6.0
0
0.0
15
Jammu and Kashmir
273
0.30
32.86
75
27.5
138
50.5
39
14.3
14
5.1
7
2.6
0
0.0
16
Jharkhand
178
0.26
12.80
19
10.7
109
61.2
48
27.0
2
1.1
0
0.0
0
0.0
17
Karnataka
1327
GL
27.30
467
35.2
495
37.3
320
24.1
43
3.2
2
0.2
0
0.0
18
Kerala
1412
0.05
52.82
281
19.9
454
32.2
539
38.2
125
8.9
12
0.8
1
0.1
19
Madhya Pradesh
1259
GL
37.67
239
19.0
608
48.3
326
25.9
76
6.0
10
0.8
0
0.0
20
Maharashtra
1472
0.10
40.00
358
24.3
732
49.7
320
21.7
52
3.5
10
0.7
0
0.0
21
Meghalaya
24
0.15
4.93
13
54.2
11
45.8
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
22
Nagaland
4
0.63
6.73
1
25.0
0
0.0
3
75.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
23
Orissa
1212
0.03
11.16
491
40.5
601
49.6
116
9.6
4
0.3
0
0.0
0
0.0
24
Pondicherry
4
1.06
3.45
2
50.0
2
50.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
25
Punjab
232
0.79
49.14
18
7.8
40
17.2
34
14.7
60
25.9
63
27.2
17
7.3
26
Rajasthan
890
0.06
121.55
71
8.0
226
25.4
150
16.9
158
17.8
134
15.1
151
17.0
27
Tamil Nadu
621
0.03
52.83
216
34.8
252
40.6
110
17.7
33
5.3
5
0.8
5
0.8
28
Telangana
529
GL
49.55
187
35.3
218
41.2
94
17.8
27
5.1
1
0.2
2
0.4
29
Tripura
20
0.98
6.81
5
25.0
12
60.0
3
15.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
30
Uttar Pradesh
634
0.15
44.14
158
24.9
250
39.4
132
20.8
72
11.4
18
2.8
4
0.6
31
Uttaranchal
45
0.20
55.20
9
20.0
11
24.4
16
35.6
6
13.3
2
4.4
1
2.2
32
West Bengal
774
0.40
30.49
102
13.2
309
39.9
216
27.9
109
14.1
38
4.9
0
0.0
Total
14577
GL*
121.55
3697
25.4
6095
41.8
3127
21.5
1039
7.1
414
2.8
205
1.4
*GL = Ground level
*****